🔸 China, India y Corea del Sur emergen como opciones viables para la exportación del crudo pesado Maya, mientras que el gobierno mexicano descarta otorgar descuentos a sus clientes en territorio estadounidense
#NACIONAL | La petrolera mexicana Pemex ha estado buscando mercados alternos para su crudo ante la imposición de aranceles en Estados Unidos, el principal destino de sus exportaciones, y ha conversado con empresas en Europa y Asia, incluyendo de China, donde hay “apetito” por el crudo mexicano, dijo un fuente del Gobierno.
El presidente Donald Trump cumplió su amenaza de imponer aranceles del 25% esta semana a los productos de México y Canadá, así como duplicarlos a productos chinos al 20%, lo que podrían poner en riesgo casi 2.2 billones de dólares anuales de comercio con sus tres principales socios comerciales. Los gravámenes para el crudo canadiense serán del 10%.
Estados Unidos es el destino del 80% de las exportaciones mexicanas y el principal comprador del petróleo mexicano de exportación. Pemex envía una parte a Asia y Europa, pero el vecino del norte recibe el 75% del crudo pesado Maya que la petrolera exporta.
“Ya hemos estado hablando con otros. Lo bueno es que hay apetito por el crudo mexicano en Europa, en India, en Asia”, dijo la fuente del gobierno mexicano de alto nivel con conocimiento de las conversaciones. “Demanda por crudo pesado y crudo de Pemex hay”, añadió al ser consultada si la petrolera mexicana estaba buscando otros destinos de exportación.
La fuente, que habló bajo condición de anonimato, refirió que China está “muy interesada” en el petróleo mexicano, de acuerdo a las conversaciones que han tenido.
“La demanda es hacia dónde se redireccionan estos flujos, como se van reacomodando”, añadió, refiriéndose a lo que pasaría en caso de que los aranceles hagan difícil ahora el acceso del crudo mexicano a Estados Unidos.
Dos fuentes de PMI, el brazo comercializador de Pemex, han dicho a Reuters que India, China, Corea del Sur e, incluso Japón, serían el mercado natural para el crudo pesado de Pemex tras la imposición de aranceles.
Una de las fuentes de PMI dijo que “solo Asia” podría tomar el volumen que no se enviara a Estados Unidos dado el tipo de refinerías en esa zona, aptas para recibir procesar el crudo pesado mexicano.
Operadores en el mercado petrolero han especulado sobre si Pemex daría un descuento a sus clientes en Estados Unidos para compensar los aranceles y mantener el acceso a las refinerías en ese país.
La fuente fue tajante en decir que México no daría descuentos al crudo de Pemex y que una vez que los contratos vigentes con clientes en Estados Unidos venzan este mes, es muy probable que buena parte del crudo mexicano destinado hasta ahora a ese mercado se dirija a Europa y Asia.
Explicó que, sin embargo, las petroleras estadounidenses no han hablado de dejar de comprar el crudo mexicano. “Hasta ahora no”, dijo.
“Creo que conforme vayan viendo qué tan cierto o qué tan incierto es esto, pues van a empezar a reaccionar”, añadió. Dijo que México estaba “bastante tranquilo”, pues “tenemos alternativas”.
Las dos fuentes de PMI coincidieron también en que la petrolera no haría descuentos a su crudo con tal de mantener el acceso al mercado estadounidense.
México es un importante productor de petróleo, pero el rendimiento de sus yacimientos más antiguos, situados en el Golfo de México, ha caído a mínimos de más de cuatro décadas.
Las exportaciones de Pemex promediaron 806 mil barriles por día (bpd) en 2024, de las que el 57% se destinaron a Estados Unidos. En enero bajaron 44% interanual a 532,404 bpd, para tocar niveles mínimos en décadas, en momentos en que la empresa admitió problemas con la calidad del crudo.
Canadá y México son las principales fuentes de importación de crudo de Estados Unidos. Juntos representan alrededor de una cuarta parte del petróleo que las refinerías estadounidenses transforman en combustibles, según el Departamento de Energía.
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